tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-54376348363884034852024-03-19T12:34:23.636+04:00Information Broadcast from a BlogMy Blog created to share interesting information about passionate topics with the communityChandasaKoyelashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04569548394031231435noreply@blogger.comBlogger4125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5437634836388403485.post-15363568658902502202012-07-27T05:46:00.001+04:002012-07-27T09:33:25.939+04:00INFORMATION MANAGEMENT RESOURCE KIT (IMARK)<h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Introduction </span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> The </span><a href="http://www.imarkgroup.org/" style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Information Management Resource Kit (IMARK)</a><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> has been developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in partnership with other agencies and institutions with the common goal of strengthening information management and exchange in agencies, institutions and networks world-wide, allowing them to work together more effectively. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">IMARK comprises of a series of e-learning modules and the 6th one being “Web 2.0 and Social Media for Development”. This course provides an overview of the basic concepts behind Web 2.0, social media, user generated content and social networking.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Structure & Workload </span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> The total curriculum consists of 11 lessons, grouped into two units: </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (i) SOCIAL MEDIA FOR DEVELOPMENT </span></h3>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 1.1: Introduction to Web 2.0 and Social Media </span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 1.2: Social Networking Sites and Communities </span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 1.3: Privacy, Intellectual Property and access to Social media </span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 1.4: Current Issues and New Ideas </span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (ii) SOCIAL MEDIA TOOLS AND SERVICES </span></h4>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 2.1: Group Productivity and Collaboration Tools </span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 2.2: Hosted Services </span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 2.3: Subscriptions, Feeds and Syndication </span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 2.4: Tagging and Social Bookmarking </span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 2.5: Blogging and Microblogging </span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 2.6: Online Video and Image Sharing </span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 2.7: Podcasting and Online Radio </span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Each lesson achieves a specific set of learning objectives, using interactive step-by-step instructions and exercises which help reinforce what is being taught.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Contributing Organisations </span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> The course curriculum was designed and developed by experts and institutions from an internationally widespread community. The main contributors and authors are from the following Organizations: </span></div>
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<li><a href="http://www.apc.org/" style="color: blue; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Association for ProgressiveCommunications (APC)</a><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.fao.org/" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations (FAO) </a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.fullcirc.com/" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Full Circle Associates</a><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.idrc.ca/" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">International DevelopmentResearch Centre (IDRC)</a><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.sulabatsu.com/" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sulá Batsú</a><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a name='more'></a>Authors, expert reviewers and contributors for this course include the following individuals: </span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Authors:</b> Lena Zuniga, Nancy White </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Reviewers:</b> Gauri Salokhe, Nancy White </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Instructional Designer:</b> Fabiola Franco </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Courseware Development Team:</b> Dominica Baniak, Peter Bruggeling, Vittoria Gliddon Ercolani, Massimiliano Martino </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">System Requirements </span></h4>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Hardware: </span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A personal computer with: Pentium I or equivalent processor; 64 Mb RAM (128 Mb is strongly recommended), and 800x600 screen resolution with 16-bit colour depth. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Software: </span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Windows 98 or above; Acrobat PDF reader version 4.0 or later; and Mozilla Firefox 1.0 or later, Netscape version 4.0 or later, or Internet Explorer version 4.0 or later. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">SUMMARY OF LESSONS CONTENTS: </span></h3>
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<u><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Unit 1: Social Media for Development </span></u></h4>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg3j1uRRjpzl1AziqOE_N8Nwk9znfwqSq8J6beuGTxTGUZ0PEUPCkvDwPFk0Fo6R8lZFWfEjfMNR4k7NEpqOVENs_6tvOLr7pM3KsINEpSzzICI77t48_y5b8ym-ItroX8zh-pK9UXigY/s1600/1.1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg3j1uRRjpzl1AziqOE_N8Nwk9znfwqSq8J6beuGTxTGUZ0PEUPCkvDwPFk0Fo6R8lZFWfEjfMNR4k7NEpqOVENs_6tvOLr7pM3KsINEpSzzICI77t48_y5b8ym-ItroX8zh-pK9UXigY/s200/1.1.jpg" width="168" /></a>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 1.1: Introduction to Web 2.0 & Social Media </span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Since web technology started to transform from complex coding to relatively simple and easy to use web-based tools for user-generated content and information publishing, it has become easier to connect, interact and collaborate with more people online and build up social networks. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">These tools are often called “social media” which helps us to work in 4 broad areas: </span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Connect and interact with other people or groups via social networks;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Collaborate and do things with other people even remotely;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Create and share content; and</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Find, use, organise and reuse content. </span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 1.2: Social Networking Sites & Communities </span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">While social media allow members to create multiple connections to others, communicate with other people and easily create and share information, a specific sub-group has been derived from social media and this sub-group concerns the social networking tools which allow people to create profiles, search for people with similar interests and interact. Communities are thus formed when a group of people find and connect to each other and continue to interact over time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Social networking sites e.g. MySpace, Facebook, LinkedIn, Flickr, enable users to create public profiles within a Web site and form relationships with other users who access their profile information. Interactions occur via chat rooms, message boards, blogs, video, file sharing, email messages etc. </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.delawarenoncompetelawblog.com/WindowsLiveWriter/WorkMadeForHireAgreementsUnderDelawareLa_B42B/privacy%20folder%20in%20chains%20security_8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://www.delawarenoncompetelawblog.com/WindowsLiveWriter/WorkMadeForHireAgreementsUnderDelawareLa_B42B/privacy%20folder%20in%20chains%20security_8.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 1.3: Privacy, Intellectual Property & Access to Social Media </span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Social media, though advantageous in many ways including enhanced communication, easy content creation and distribution and wide variety of information accessed, poses some issues and challenges around its usage: </span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">privacy and security of data and information</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">intellectual property rights and its legal and technical implications </span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Software and content on the web have 3 main conditions/models under which they are licensed: public domain, Creative Common licenses, Free/Open Source Software. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Not all information found on the web is reliable, since much of the content has been authored by people who are interested in a topic, but who may not have done a lot of research or fact checking.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Access to hardware and media devices, and broadband connectivity are important for suitable use of Web 2.0 tools and social networking sites. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 1.4: Current Issues and New Ideas </span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Social media services and how they work are evolving rapidly on the web. New tools and technology and new uses and features of social media are being discovered. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Current examples include the adaptation by social media sites for mobile use, adding geographical information through Geotagging and creating data maps, facilitating collaborative translation and broadcasting of content through appropriate interfaces and functionality to other parts of the world.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Web 3.0 is at our doorstep already, and is characterized by its ease to use, it being more integrated with the real world, more intuitive and “smarter” in order to accommodate the users’ needs; and also networks will be directly controlled by users using simple devices and accessible technology. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><u>UNIT 2: SOCIAL MEDIA TOOLS AND SERVICES</u> </span></b></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 2.1: Group Productivity and Collaboration Tools </span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Besides being the place for accessing information and resources, web 2.0 also allows enhanced collaboration and communication from simple one-to-one email to advanced tools for working in distributed groups.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Groupware are social media software applications that facilitate the interactions of working groups in order to foster group collaboration and make processes more efficient and productive. Members have more options to obtain, change and share knowledge within the group, especially remotely. Groupware involves communication, conferencing and collaboration.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The different tools include e-mail (for one-to-one communication, or your users with connectivity), e-Newsletters (using listserv software), blogs and micro blogs (allow sharing, accessing and easily updating information), photo and video sharing, podcasting, wikis (versatile collaboration tool for creating and editing documents and documenting, amongst others), Instant Messaging (IM) applications which allow text messaging, but also video and voice conversations. VoIP applications and services allow users to make high quality, low cost calls over the internet.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Contact databases and Customer Relationship Management allow, amongst others, a shared source for your contacts with different levels of complexity and security.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Project management tools include software for scheduling, managing budget and resources, etc. and these tools can help support your distributed projects. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 2.2: Hosted Services </span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">“Services” refers to existing websites that offer the tools (software) and often hosts them on their own servers. We don’t necessarily have our own web server to use the tools. Hosted services have different advantages and challenges.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Some important tips before/while using Hosted Services: </span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Evaluate the tools you need according to your project and organizational requirements.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Make sure you know the terms of service and license clauses of the tools you decide to use.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Use the Internet and other specific resources to locate the best tools to meet your needs. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">You can combine the use of different social media tools to create an online communication strategy that integrates the strengths of different tools according to the objectives of your project or organization. </span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 2.3: Subscriptions, Feeds and Syndication </span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Receiving and reviewing information in a more efficient way and keeping up with the huge exposure to information without visiting each web site individually on a regular basis is possible by subscribing to content feeds. When we subscribe to RSS or XML feeds on most web 2.0 websites, the contents will reach us in a single place on our computer through a feed reader. RSS, XML and Atom are similar technologies. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The process of generating these automated updates is called Syndication.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Feed readers are web or desktop applications that allow you to easily add, read and organize subscriptions. Feed readers present users and content creators with many advantages in terms of information control, format flexibility and reaching an audience.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Feed readers provide users with many advantages: </span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">get the latest information on your computer, as soon as it generates on the web;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> get content from diverse sources all in one place, so you don’t have to visit multiple websites to check for something new or to read that new content;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">have more control of what information you want to receive, since you manage specific feed subscriptions;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">can keep control of what you've already read, save copies of interesting content and clippings for archive and research; </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">if you use a web based feed reader, you can have a public profile that allows others to see your subscriptions and share them;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Furthermore, many readers provide the option to e-mail content and news items to other people with the option “e-mail this”. They also provide options to post the content to your own blog or add it to a social bookmarking service such as Delicious. </span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 2.4: Tagging and Social Bookmarking </span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Often, specific data and resources are hard to obtain when faced to the vast amount of information available on the Internet. Describing the resources we find and save them later is a more efficient way of searching instead of only exploring and researching. We could share them with others and help them find what they need.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Metadata</b> are found in electronic data and are small pieces of code to describe the characteristics or content of a particular file.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tagging means human indexing of material on the Web, in order to make it easier to find and share. An item can be "tagged" by associating it with key words that describe its content. Tagging can provide content with context and meaning.</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">fixed tags: pre-defined sets of words to categorize content in a more consistent way. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">free tags: allow users to use any word they want to describe the content and context of an information resource; this allows others to describe contents in their own words </span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In many cases, it is possible to combine fixed and free tagging. <b>A folksonomy</b> is a collaborative categorization of content using freely chosen keywords. It is not formal, nor is it ever complete. It changes as the tags change.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Social bookmarking</b> is one of the ways in which users on the web use tagging to share and aggregate their knowledge using the collective web browsing and tagging that thousands of people do every day.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Some of the advantages of using social bookmarking: </span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Saving web addresses to visit later</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tagging and describing content to make it easier to find</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sharing your bookmarks with others in your group</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tags help us locate and describe content on the web </span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">There are different ways in which sites and services allow you to visualize the aggregated tags that you and other users have created. E.gs. are as follows: </span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tag combinations - Used to create relationships between one tag and another related tag, such as “winter” and “cold”, combining both terms for better results</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tag Searches - Allows users to find what they're looking for, based on the tags others have used to describe content</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Graphics - Used to graphically display the use of tags over time, by number of appearances or number of people using them</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tag Clouds - Allows users to see all or almost all the tags that people are using, the bigger or bolder the word, the more frequent it is</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Aggregated lists - Used to display a simple list of tags, with numbers indicating which ones have been used the most </span></li>
</ul>
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<a href="http://itc.blogs.com/photos/uncategorized/blogging_by_eddie.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://itc.blogs.com/photos/uncategorized/blogging_by_eddie.jpg" width="173" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Lesson 2.5: Blogging and Microblogging </span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A weblog or Blog is a dynamic web page easily created, published and frequently updated and maintained usually with posting of text, links to other sites, images or multimedia in chronological order with the newest content at the top of the page. A blog encourages interaction with its contents through comments which can be posted by the general public.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Blogging tools are some of the most accessible and easiest to use of these tools. This allows people to have visibility and a presence on the web.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">“<b>Blogosphere</b>” describes blogs as a diverse, decentralized social network, supported by hypertext links and aggregation tools that establish relationships between blogs. It is because of these links that messages are spread and sometimes massively disseminated.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Blogs can be created online through web companies that offer this service on their servers, by creating a user account. Blogs can also be created on our own server through installation of a content management system (CMS). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Microblogging</b> is a more recent form of blogging. It allows the user to post short text updates via web browser, instant message, email or mobile text messaging. These short updates let others know of your “status” at the time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Twitter is one of the most popular microblogging services and many others have followed its lead. Once you create an account, it allows you to post updates of 140 characters. It has many uses, including: </span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">supporting communities of practice;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">augmenting workplace and classroom learning; </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">reporting live from events and many other uses. </span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Microblogging services, like many social media services, make capabilities of their tools available to developers of other sites. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In this way, other people can develop applications that use Twitter or Jaiku data and make "mash ups" (combinations between data and functions from different web services), mixing the microblogging data with other data sets such as geographic location, photos etc. Other microblogging services include Twitpic and WordPress. </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.trafficgeyservideomarketing.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/online-video-sites1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="131" src="http://www.trafficgeyservideomarketing.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/online-video-sites1.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 2.6: Online Video and Image Sharing </span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Digital images and video are advantageous as they can be easily transferred to a computer, edited with basic software and shared in different formats, sizes and levels of quality.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The advantage of online photo or image sharing is that it allows users to: </span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">easily upload digital images to the web;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">add titles, descriptions and tags; and</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">organize them in albums, groups or clusters according to their preferences. </span></li>
</ul>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Images are hosted by image hosting services that may include other features, from sharing photos with friends to printing and getting prints delivered by mail for a fee, e.g. Flickr, Picasa, Picnik.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Web video (video in digital format, transmitted over the Internet) is popular partly due to video hosting services such as YouTube, Blip.tv, Vimeo, Seesmic and others, which automatically take care about compression formats compatibility with different players or server bandwidth while uploading short videos. </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.podcastingnews.com/content/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/podcasting-important-trend.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://www.podcastingnews.com/content/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/podcasting-important-trend.jpg" width="133" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lesson 2.7: Podcasting and Online Radio </span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Podcasting means distributing audio files over the internet to access by users who subscribe to and download them. Podcasters produce audio files very easily using a digital recorder device or a microphone connected to a computer. Most podcast formats allow you to transfer the file to affordable portable devices such as mp3 players, which can also be used for recording. Podcasting is a useful tool for people to share information both online on the net and offline by copying the podcasts on to CDs.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The audio files used in podcasting can also be made available on the web in a form known as “streaming internet radio”. Unlike podcasting, streaming media are transmitted over the Internet and delivered at the same time to the listeners.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Important considerations when producing a podcast: </span><br />
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It is important to include variety in the format of your program (include interviews, clips, introductions, music etc.)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The final product should be in a file format that is accessible for most of your listeners, including those with low bandwidth.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Make sure you provide enough information about the program: description, duration, name of the people you interview, notes etc. </span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Source:<span style="color: blue;"> </span><a href="http://www.imarkgroup.org/aboutimarkintro_en.asp" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Information Management Resource Kit (IMARK</span>)</a></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
</ul>ChandasaKoyelashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04569548394031231435noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5437634836388403485.post-78234386908279448592012-07-12T05:26:00.001+04:002012-07-13T13:58:38.311+04:00Web 2.0 Learning Opportunity - My Personal Experience<h2 style="background-color: orange;">
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<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This post shares my personal experience as a participant of the Web 2,0 Learning Opportunity organised by the CTA. You are most welcome to give your views and comments!</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A surprisingly nice atmosphere for learning</span></h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnmSJ-JL1rJcmBHmtetd5suPZH7VrjWkCIyM3eAz3Kf0Yf9O_N8wp6kcSStYfgh8rwovqebYhTByChQD-HiA9Xoc9lIvfYbaVJ3T6BJScL9LSjL_oLs7vxYzaKpe7de9iCeZ4IGNFxESE/s720/IMG_3899.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnmSJ-JL1rJcmBHmtetd5suPZH7VrjWkCIyM3eAz3Kf0Yf9O_N8wp6kcSStYfgh8rwovqebYhTByChQD-HiA9Xoc9lIvfYbaVJ3T6BJScL9LSjL_oLs7vxYzaKpe7de9iCeZ4IGNFxESE/s200/IMG_3899.JPG" width="200" /></a>Trainers did their best to organise great sessions of tutorials for different themes on Web 2.0 selected by the CTA. They really created a cosy atmosphere at the computer lab of the Faculty of Agriculture for participants to feel at ease and to grasp the beauty of the different Web 2.0 tools and techniques. With their ice-breaking session at start and their energizing sessions in between, the atmosphere remained really lively, funny and interesting!</div>
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Lively and eager Participants </h3>
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The majority 25 participants present at the training workshop on Web 2.0 come from different agricultural institutions, including the Rodrigues Commission for Agriculture. A few also included stakeholders from the private sector, the media and even graduate students. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjaLwgpU_DiAVx9tEKF3Do52pBRnqNXEM9bsmZzCnMYZSgtEMlwaSd9_yaldaAu0JWRdh9Bg-s-tUn9ZgcHquCXZB56kFoD9G9ZCgimZQxXrv3m3SXf7PGZtPBhusjnZtJl41wkoPWjRg/s400/100_4370.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjaLwgpU_DiAVx9tEKF3Do52pBRnqNXEM9bsmZzCnMYZSgtEMlwaSd9_yaldaAu0JWRdh9Bg-s-tUn9ZgcHquCXZB56kFoD9G9ZCgimZQxXrv3m3SXf7PGZtPBhusjnZtJl41wkoPWjRg/s200/100_4370.JPG" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizURXc5QRZ4Gn9rrrODtkbkgwCZEgtEc691rn7GblQaMrK6VazTo7W1HFL_5i2FQQg9zrex6bfZMyK0u452CPzzPVcSUdz_L4FAmldrSyTX0rZfkW8aFiMoOGGWP5t-kpm4Xepi77ajHQ/s720/100_4338.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizURXc5QRZ4Gn9rrrODtkbkgwCZEgtEc691rn7GblQaMrK6VazTo7W1HFL_5i2FQQg9zrex6bfZMyK0u452CPzzPVcSUdz_L4FAmldrSyTX0rZfkW8aFiMoOGGWP5t-kpm4Xepi77ajHQ/s200/100_4338.JPG" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The participants were told that the selection criteria had been made by
the CTA as their applications were screened amongst many others and they should feel privileged that they were among the 25 selected candidates. This really encouraged us and boosted up our confidence.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Democracy Wall and Meta Cards</span></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This is the first time that, as a participant, I have been acquainted with this famous democracy wall, which the
trainers placed in the corridor next
to the room, whereby the participants had use meta cards to share their
ideas/opinions/thoughts on the training based on the following titles:</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <i>I learnt,</i></span><i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> I discovered,</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I suggest,</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I felt </span></i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">and </span><i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I noticed.</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJKblyXJs1h-sgEYtbaZDRAOdLTEVjrQ2ZB-MXaY7_bufxUNfjhZXK2KZYVN5c0ASsBtSz9OQiJosGi69PJ5u_l78TMS__d08IMKIFKphw_uGU-Sm-okoo_HMi8tKlBz3ITCKCdbrHxvU/s400/100_4378.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJKblyXJs1h-sgEYtbaZDRAOdLTEVjrQ2ZB-MXaY7_bufxUNfjhZXK2KZYVN5c0ASsBtSz9OQiJosGi69PJ5u_l78TMS__d08IMKIFKphw_uGU-Sm-okoo_HMi8tKlBz3ITCKCdbrHxvU/s200/100_4378.JPG" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This interesting exercise really benefits not only the organisers, but also the participants who have the opportunity to, after each session, post their comments and views on the workshop. This gives them the feeling of contributing actively to the training workshop and puts their mind at work! </span><i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi57ckHM2OhAca7r3r69VeBPggujrGUoD-bjzNuEYIv_5cECMIbuH_EyyfN4GUYPxkPN4izHg6JnyIOBiNPrOWDT26-B7uK3VVjeN3F7MtHTFWTth7hBeqrI7Be8kco07slV8gwZPmbIE/s400/100_4341.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi57ckHM2OhAca7r3r69VeBPggujrGUoD-bjzNuEYIv_5cECMIbuH_EyyfN4GUYPxkPN4izHg6JnyIOBiNPrOWDT26-B7uK3VVjeN3F7MtHTFWTth7hBeqrI7Be8kco07slV8gwZPmbIE/s200/100_4341.JPG" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Meta Cards were also used by the participants after each session, as a recap. They were asked to stick on the wall the use they would make of the web 2.0 tool they discovered. The funny side has been to guess or notice what colour of meta card we would be using next! </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This great thinking method gives us the opportunity to formulate a brief and concise use of each of the web 2.0 tools we are learning and how we can, after the learning course, best put them into practice.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Course Contents achieved till Day 3 </span></h3>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Background info on Web 2.0</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Search Engines - Search and Advanced Search on Google</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">RSS Feeds, Google Reader and iGoogle </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Remote collaboration and Google Docs, Google Form, Wikis</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">VOIP and Skype, Google Chat</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Blogs</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">And so many more! So many tools and techniques covered in only 3 days and so many tips given by our trainers! Its amazing really. So many interesting features were discovered and most important, were practiced. Participants were so enthusiastic to complete the practice so as to successfully do their searches, or create their wikis and blogs that they had to be coaxed to leave the class by the trainers to go for tea breaks! And, also, the videos from Common Craft were captivating and so simply illustrated for us to understand!</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.rossdawsonblog.com/Web2_framework_p3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="222" src="http://www.rossdawsonblog.com/Web2_framework_p3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The beauty of Web 2.0 tools and the challenges faced</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Web 2.0 tools as we are discovering and learning during these 5 days, have been designed to really facilitate communication, information sharing and collaboration as they are user-centered and friendly to use.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />However, as a video showed, two hands are needed for Development using Web 2.0, one hand being the web 2.0 tools themselves, and the other, being the people/community themselves. This is one most important key factor for successful development using web 2.0, and thus sensitisation and massive training should be given, on how web 2.0 really benefits the community and encourages collaboration.</span><br />
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Sources:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">1. <a href="http://news-agriculture.blogspot.com/2012/07/web-20-learning-opportunity-in_11.html">http://news-agriculture.blogspot.com/2012/07/web-20-learning-opportunity-in_11.html</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2. <a href="http://nawsheenh.blogspot.com/">http://nawsheenh.blogspot.com</a></span></span></div>
</div>ChandasaKoyelashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04569548394031231435noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5437634836388403485.post-8501682512394649752012-07-11T22:53:00.000+04:002012-07-13T15:24:52.102+04:00Web 2.0 Learning Opportunity organised by the CTA<a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_2128211599">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx1WrakbhdN4wo5oi0D31-PyFHeCU_N6L_t9MUxIV_KRAmwzZTHzyjjtse5c4gPeadbwQmz_O_Ig1OassB2i6zCsV5D_0K5fRZYFtHYtsGoecRzAXiv2GnI4nf2dDP_-C6yPQNpmGHK0g/s1600/trainingcourse.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx1WrakbhdN4wo5oi0D31-PyFHeCU_N6L_t9MUxIV_KRAmwzZTHzyjjtse5c4gPeadbwQmz_O_Ig1OassB2i6zCsV5D_0K5fRZYFtHYtsGoecRzAXiv2GnI4nf2dDP_-C6yPQNpmGHK0g/s320/trainingcourse.JPG" style="background-color: #f3f3f3;" width="320" /></a></div>
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The Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius (UoM), in
collaboration with theTechnical Centre for Agricultural and Rural
Cooperation (CTA) and the Food and Agricultural Research Council (FARC)
is currently hosting a 5-day Web 2.0 Learning Opportunity. This training
course has been scheduled from Monday 09 July to Friday 13 July 2012. </div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Aim of Web 2.0 Learning Opportunity</span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">During this
training, the participants are being introduced and exposed to selected
Web 2.0 applications and are getting hands on practice on the use of
the tools.</span></span> </div>
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Programme of the Web 2.0 Training Course</h3>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: orange; font-weight: normal;"></span></span></h3>
<ul>
<a href="http://raptorweb2-0learning.wikispaces.com/file/view/344832591_01289b9913.jpg/142669095/472x472/344832591_01289b9913.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-size: small;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://raptorweb2-0learning.wikispaces.com/file/view/344832591_01289b9913.jpg/142669095/472x472/344832591_01289b9913.jpg" width="200" /></span></a></ul>
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<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Introduction to the participatory World Wide Web (Web 2.0) </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Search Magic: how to conduct advanced multilingual online searches </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Information Self Service: How to get selected information served to you via alerts and RSS feeds </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Remote collaboration: How to develop content remotely using wikis and Google Docs </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Online mapping: How to locate your organisation and our projects on an online map </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">How to communicated voice over the internet at no cost </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Online publishing (micro-blogging and blog) </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Professional/corporate social networking (LinkedIn and Facebook) </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Web 2.0 self-instruction (introduction to iMARK)</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The above web 2.0 training workshop is taking place at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Republic of Mauritius.</span><br />
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Opening Ceremony</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA1FRU8gTBPrRMFwTnRT89oyKkb3meMe8wcW8Xx2l1VxOO5xsr_MKRBja6p10TLeAL5OxOwBxi0ibRm9L3WDCZgEUszqaA2yXDBy5C5_I7KpCVT2MdDPzOyY_Pq4I_h-TExLKbfq7YyWw/s720/100_4323.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA1FRU8gTBPrRMFwTnRT89oyKkb3meMe8wcW8Xx2l1VxOO5xsr_MKRBja6p10TLeAL5OxOwBxi0ibRm9L3WDCZgEUszqaA2yXDBy5C5_I7KpCVT2MdDPzOyY_Pq4I_h-TExLKbfq7YyWw/s320/100_4323.JPG" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The CTA learning opportunity on Web 2.0 was officially launched by Dr. the Hon. Rajeshwar Jeetah, Minister of Tertiary Education, Science, Research and Technology on 9th July 2012 at the R.Burrenchobay Lecture Theatre, University of Mauritius, Reduit.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The guests who intervened at the launching ceremony were as follows:</span></h4>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Prof. Y. Jaufeerally-Fakim,</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, </span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Prof. H.C.S Rughooputh,</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Vice-Chancellor of the University of Mauritius, </span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Prof. S.Jugessur, Pro-Chancellor of the University of Mauritius, </span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mr. J.Ramkissoon, Director General of the Food and Agricultural Research Council</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Deans of
other Faculties of the University of Mauritius, academic staffs of the
Faculty of agriculture, Directors and staff of Agricultural organizations, NGOs,
stakeholders from the private sector and students were present during the ceremony.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Sources:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">1. <a href="http://news-agriculture.blogspot.com/2012/07/web-20-learning-opportunity-in_11.html">http://news-agriculture.blogspot.com/2012/07/web-20-learning-opportunity-in_11.html</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2. <a href="http://nawsheenh.blogspot.com/">http://nawsheenh.blogspot.com</a></span></span></div>ChandasaKoyelashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04569548394031231435noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5437634836388403485.post-75086866234591001582012-07-11T15:12:00.000+04:002012-07-12T09:27:03.704+04:00Introduction to and Definition of Indian Classical dance<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjI77r6wqoaqVikYb8hf-mw9kt1nm0L1Rhi0k5Iavytuec7pgy6Bt9QUM2W1jEiqZlKn955p3cqG86tmiKvyyAMWLG2QmAcprIiZv4z-UeYQTCbFdostor5KOcXobRTrWrq4AF4F6A12w/s1600/indian-dance.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjI77r6wqoaqVikYb8hf-mw9kt1nm0L1Rhi0k5Iavytuec7pgy6Bt9QUM2W1jEiqZlKn955p3cqG86tmiKvyyAMWLG2QmAcprIiZv4z-UeYQTCbFdostor5KOcXobRTrWrq4AF4F6A12w/s320/indian-dance.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Indian classical dance</b></span> </h2>
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is a relatively new <span style="font-weight: normal;">umbrella term for various codified art forms rooted in Natya, the sacred Hindu musical theatre styles, whose theory can be traced back to the Natya Shastra of Bharata Muni (400 BC).</span></h4>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Definitions"></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The term "classical" (Sanskr. "Shastriya") was introduced by Sangeet Natak Akademi to denote the Natya Shastra-based performing art styles. A very important feature of Indian classical dances is the use of the mudra or hand gestures by the artists as a short-hand sign language
to narrate a story and to demonstrate certain concepts such as objects,
weather, nature and emotion. Many classical dances include facial
expressions as an integral part of the dance form.</span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Dance_forms"></span></h2>
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<b>These are:</b></div>
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<li>Dances performed inside the sanctum of the temple according to the rituals were called Agama Nartanam. Natya Shastra classifies this type of dance form as margi, or the soul-liberating dance, unlike the desi (purely entertaining) forms.</li>
<li>Dances performed in royal courts to the accompaniment of classical music were called Carnatakam. This was an intellectual art form.</li>
</ul>
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For lack of any better equivalents in the European culture, the
British colonial authorities called any performing art forms found in
India as "Indian dance". Even though the art of Natya includes nritta, or dance proper, Natya has never been limited to dancing and includes singing, abhinaya (mime acting). These features are common to all the Indian classical styles. In the margi form Nritta is composed of karanas, while the desi nritta consists mainly of adavus.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Dance_forms">Dance forms</span></h2>
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Sangeet Natak Akademi currently confers classical status on eight Indian dance styles (see table below), while the Encyclopædia Britannica mentions six recognized schools<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_dance#cite_note-0"></a></sup> and other sources state there are eight dance forms.</div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_dance#cite_note-1"></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_dance#cite_note-2"></a></sup></div>
<table class="wikitable" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
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<th></th></tr>
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<table class="wikitable" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="text-align: justify;">Dance form</th>
<th style="text-align: justify;"> State(s) of origin</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: justify;">Bharatanatyam</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;"> Tamil Nadu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: justify;">Kathak</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;"> Rajasthan, Punjab, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: justify;">Kathakali</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;"> Kerala</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: justify;">Kuchipudi</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;"> Andhra Pradesh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: justify;">Manipuri</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;"> Manipur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: justify;">Mohiniyattam</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;"> Kerala</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: justify;">Odissi</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;"> Orissa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: justify;">Sattriya</td>
<td style="text-align: justify;"> Assam</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source:</span></b><span style="font-size: x-small;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_dance"><u>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_dance</u></a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">11 July 2012</span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></b><b> </b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Classical Indian dancers</span></b></h2>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1F4pT6vH3dmDPHt947dVDcKpC0T3XXpK8mIGzvEylu3qnvjeQtURHCvHClFWYhGCi9cRRxhC7YaDOWvfituET0Uqnthp0zI-NW9H8N7kO5fu6leehyphenhyphenmPhDKq_G1VwuEggKpLsVucxHBM/s1600/dancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1F4pT6vH3dmDPHt947dVDcKpC0T3XXpK8mIGzvEylu3qnvjeQtURHCvHClFWYhGCi9cRRxhC7YaDOWvfituET0Uqnthp0zI-NW9H8N7kO5fu6leehyphenhyphenmPhDKq_G1VwuEggKpLsVucxHBM/s320/dancer.jpg" width="292" /></a>In the ancient scriptures, a professional danseuse
was called "patra". The AbhinayaDarpana has a sloka that describes Patra
Prana Dasha Smrutaha - the ten essential qualities of the professional dancer:<i> </i></div>
<div style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<i>Javaha (agility), </i><i>Sthirathvam (steadiness), </i><i>Rekhacha
(graceful lines), </i><i>Bhramari (balance in pirouettes), </i><i>Drishtir
(glance), </i><i>Shramaha (hard work), </i><i>Medha
(intelligence), </i><i>Shraddha(devotion), </i><i>Vacho (good
speech), and</i><i> Geetam (singing ability).</i></div>
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According
to Abhinayadarpanam, one of the two most authoritative texts on
Classical Indian dance,
a patra must be<i> young,</i><i>slender,</i><i>beautiful,</i><i>large-eyed,</i><i>with
well-rounded breasts,</i><i>self-confident,</i><i>witty,</i><i>pleasing,</i><i>capable
of keeping time (following the rhythm)</i><i>splendidly dressed of
a happy disposition.</i></div>
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<span style="color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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</span><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source:</span></b><span style="font-size: x-small;"> <a href="http://classicalindiandancer.com/classical_Indian_dance.html#classical_indian_dance_dancers"><u>http://classicalindiandancer.com/classical_Indian_dance.html#classical_indian_dance_dancers</u></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">11 July 2012 <u><br /></u></span></div>ChandasaKoyelashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04569548394031231435noreply@blogger.com1